Vaginal dryness occurs when the ordinarily self-lubricating tissues of the vagina no longer produce enough fluids to keep the tissue healthy. A range of issues can cause it, the most common of which is a decrease in estrogen due to aging.
Without adequate estrogen, the vaginal tissue thins and shrinks, losing elasticity. That makes the vagina drier and also makes sex less pleasurable and, in some cases, painful.
While a drop in estrogen is a normal part of menopause, other things can impact production of the hormone, such as:
- Medications
- Removal of the ovaries
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Severe stress
- Excessive exercise
- Breastfeeding
Irritants from soaps or laundry detergents, tampons, and condoms can also lead to vaginal dryness.